Gramatyka – Present Continuous vs Present Simple

Present Simple czy Present Continuous? Poznaj kluczowe różnice, zasady użycia oraz przykłady, które ułatwią naukę angielskich czasów.


Podczas nauki angielskiego, szybko odkryjesz, że mówienie o teraźniejszości nie opiera się na jednym, lecz na dwóch podstawowych czasach: formie ciągłej, która podkreśla działania dynamiczne, czynności odbywające się w danej chwili lub w danym okresie, oraz formie prostej, używanej do opisu nawyków, faktów i zjawisk powtarzalnych. Choć oba czasy odnoszą się do teraźniejszości, opisują różne aspekty rzeczywistości — to, co dzieje się w tym momencie, oraz to, co jest trwałe i powtarzalne. W praktyce codziennej komunikacji te dwie struktury przenikają się i uzupełniają, pozwalając precyzyjnie wyrażać myśli. Jeśli poznałeś już każdą z tych struktur osobno, nadszedł moment, aby sprawdzić jak działają obok siebie, jakie pełnią funkcje i jak poprawnie je rozróżniać w konkretnych sytuacjach. Zaczynajmy!

B1 – Present Simple vs Present Continuous

1️⃣ Fakty vs czynności trwające w momencie mówienia o nich

Present Simple — fakty i prawdy ogólne

Form czasu Present Simple używamy do opisywania stanów, które są zawsze prawdziwe, niezmienne, powtarzalne lub będące zbiorem ogólnych zasad.

Przykłady:

  • Water boils at 100°C. — Woda wrze w 100°C.
  • He works as a nurse. — On pracuje jako pielęgniarz.
  • Cats like warm places. — Koty lubią ciepłe miejsca.

Present Continuous — czynności wykonywane w danym momencie

Formy czasu Present Continuous stosujemy, gdy chcemy powiedzieć, co dzieje się dokładnie w tej chwili.


Przykłady:

  • She is talking on the phone right now. — Ona właśnie rozmawia przez telefon.
  • I’m writing an email at the moment. — W tej chwili piszę e-mail.
  • They’re waiting for the bus. — Oni czekają na autobus.

B1 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (1)

Zdecyduj, czy dla danego czasownika zastosować formę czasu Present Simple czy Present Continuous.

1 / 18

Cuckoos (not build) nests. They (use) the nests of their birds.

2 / 18

He usually (speak) so quickly that I (not understand) him.

3 / 18

Why (they drive) on the left in Britain?

4 / 18

She usually (work) in the Sales Department in London, but at the moment she (do) a training course in Bristol.

5 / 18

He (try) very hard in every game that he (play).

6 / 18

What (she do) in the evenings?

She usually (play) cards or (watch) TV.

7 / 18

Linda (wash) her hair every day.

8 / 18

(you listen) to the radio very often?

9 / 18

What are you doing?

I (bake) a cake. Why (you smile)?

(I do) something wrong?

10 / 18

I won’t go out now as it (rain) and I (not have) an umbrella.

11 / 18

It usually (rain) here a lot, but it (not rain) now.

12 / 18

You can’t see Tom now: he (have) a bath.

13 / 18

It (not get) dark at this time of year until about 10 o’clock.

14 / 18

He usually (drink) coffee but today he (drink) tea.

15 / 18

Excuse me. I think you (sit) in my seat.

16 / 18

I (leave) home at 7 o’clock every morning,

17 / 18

The last train (leave) the station at 11.30.

18 / 18

Don’t talk to me now. I (write) an important letter.

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2️⃣ Czynności powtarzalne vs czynności będące w toku (ale niekoniecznie teraz)

Present Simple — czynności rutynowe i powtarzalne

Present Simple używamy opisując czynności, które powtarzają się regularnie lub są częścią naszej rutyny.


Przykłady:

  • I usually walk to school. — Zwykle chodzę do szkoły pieszo.
  • He visits his grandparents every month. — On odwiedza dziadków co miesiąc.
  • We play tennis every weekend. — Gramy w tenisa co weekend.

Present Continuous — czynności trwające niekoniecznie teraz

Czasu Present Continuous używany, gdy dana czynność jest w toku, ale nie musi dziać się dokładnie w chwili mówienia.


Przykłady:

  • I’m staying with my cousin this week. — W tym tygodniu mieszkam u kuzyna.
  • She’s working on a new project these days. — Obecnie pracuje nad nowym projektem.
  • We’re studying for our exams at the moment. — Uczymy się teraz do egzaminów.

B1 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (2)

Uzupełnij luki właściwą formą czasownika w nawiasie w czasie Present Continuous lub Present Simple

1 / 16

How (you get) to work as a rule?

I usually (go) by bus but tomorrow I (go) in Tom’s car.

2 / 16

Hardly anyone (wear) a hat nowadays.

3 / 16

I’m busy at the moment. I (redecorate) the sitting room.

4 / 16

(you like) this necklace? I (give) it to my daughter for her birthday tomorrow.

5 / 16

(you belong) to your local library?

Yes, I do.

(you read) a lot?

Yes, quite a lot.

How often (you change) your books?

I (change) one every day.

6 / 16

Tom can’t have the newspaper now because his aunt (read) it.

7 / 16

I’m afraid I’ve broken one of your coffee cups.

Don’t worry. I (not like) that set anyway.

8 / 16

Why (you put) on your coat?

I (go) for a walk. (you come) with me?

9 / 16

Ann (make) a dress for herself at the moment. She (make) all her own clothes.

10 / 16

I (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun is very strong.

11 / 16

How much (you owe) him?

I (owe) him $5.

(you intend) to pay him back?

12 / 16

Mary usually (learn) languages very quickly but she (not seem) to be able to learn modern Greek.

13 / 16

He usually (speak) so quickly that I (not understand) him.

14 / 16

I always (buy) lottery tickets but I never (win) anything.

15 / 16

The kettle (boil) now. Shall I make the tea?

16 / 16

(you enjoy) yourself or would you like to leave now?

I (enjoy) myself very much. I (want) to stay to the end.

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3️⃣ Sytuacje stałe vs sytuacje tymczasowe

Present Simple — sytuacje postrzegane jako stałe

Present Simple zastosujemy wszędzie tam, gdzie mówimy o czynnościach i stanach, które uznajemy za stałe, nieulegające ciągłym zmianom, trwające przez dłuższy okres czasu.


Przykłady:

  • She works in a bank. — Ona pracuje w banku.
  • They live near the coast. — Oni mieszkają blisko wybrzeża.
  • This shop sells fresh bread. — Ten sklep sprzedaje świeży chleb.

Present Continuous — sytuacje tymczasowe

Present Continuous, z kolei, może oznaczać, że dana sytuacja jest przejściowa, krótkotrwała, niestała, zmienna.


Przykłady:

  • She’s working in a café during the summer. — Pracuje w kawiarni tylko latem.
  • They’re living with their grandparents while their house is being renovated. — Tymczasowo mieszkają u dziadków.
  • He’s teaching online this month. — W tym miesiącu uczy online.

B1 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (3)

Zastosuj podane czasowniki w odpowiedniej formie czasu Present Simple lub Present Continuous

1 / 16

(you write) to him tonight?

Yes, I (always write) to him on his birthday. (you want) to send any message?

2 / 16

I won’t tell you my secret unless you (promise) not to tell anyone.

I (promise) .

3 / 16

The milk (smell) sour.

(you keep) milk a long time?

4 / 16

We (use) this room today because the window in the other room is broken.

5 / 16

This car (make) a very strange noise. (you think) it’s all right?

Oh, that noise (not matter). It always (make) a noise like that.

6 / 16

(you dream) at night?

Yes, I always (dream) and if I (eat) too much supper I (have) nightmares.

7 / 16

What (Tom think) of the budget?

He (think) it most unfair.

I (agree) with him.

8 / 16

(you love) him?

No, I (like) him very much but I (not love) him.

9 / 16

What (this one cost)?

It (cost) 40 pence.

10 / 16

(you know) why an apple (fall) down and not up?

11 / 16

These workmen are never satisfied; they (always complain).

12 / 16

He (always say) that he will mend the window but he (never do) it.

13 / 16

The fire (smoke) horribly. I can’t see across the rooom.

I (expect) that birds (build) a nest in the chimney.

Why (you not put) wire across the tops of your chimneys?

Tom (do) that sometimes but it (not seem) to make any difference.

14 / 16

(you believe) all that the newspapers say?

No, I (believe) any of it.

Then why (you read) newspapers?

15 / 16

Tom and Mr Pitt (have) a long conversation. I (wonder) what they (talk) about.

16 / 16

(you always write) with your left hand?

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4️⃣ Czasowniki statyczne vs dynamiczne

Present Simple — czasowniki statyczne (state verbs)

Czasowniki stanu odnoszą się do stałych sfer życia, takich jak uczucia, myśli, stan posiadania czy zmysły, dlatego też będziemy z nimi stosować czasy z grupy Simple.


Przykłady:

  • I know the answer. — Znam odpowiedź.
  • She likes chocolate. — Ona lubi czekoladę.
  • They need help. — Oni potrzebują pomocy.

Present Continuous — czasowniki dynamiczne (action verbs)

Z kolei czasowniki dynamiczne opisują czynności, działania, procesy, które cechuje pewien dynamizm, możliwość ciągłej zmiany. Co ważne, czasowniki dynamiczne możemy stosować w obu czasach, ale w przynależnych im strefach znaczeniowych.


Przykłady:

  • I’m running to catch the bus. — Biegnę, żeby złapać autobus.
    I run every day to keep fit. — Biegam codziennie.
  • She’s writing a report. — Pisze raport.
    She writes a lot of reports at work. — Pisze dużo raportów w pracy.
  • They’re cooking dinner. — Gotują obiad.
    They cook very well. — Gotują bardzo dobrze.

B1 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (4)

Uzupełnij luki właściwą formą podanego w nawiasie czasownika w Present Coninuous lub Present Simple

1 / 17

What (you usually have) for breakfast?

I (usually eat) a carrot and (drink) a glass of cold water.

 

2 / 17

(you see) my car keys anywhere?

No, I (look) for them but I (not see) them.

3 / 17

(you recognize) that man?

I (think) that I’ve seen him before but I (not remember) his name.

4 / 17

She (always borrow) from me and she (never remember) to pay me back.

5 / 17

(you hear) the wind? It (blow) very strongly tonight.

6 / 17

I (save) up because I (go) abroad next July.

7 / 17

When the curtain (rise) we (see) a group of workers. They (picket) at a factory gate.

8 / 17

(you understand) what the lecturer (say)?

No. I (not understand) him at all.

9 / 17

Why (you walk) so fast today? You (usually walk) quite slowly.

I (hurry) because I (meet) my mother at 4 o’clock and she (not like) to be kept waiting.

10 / 17

Look at the crowd. I (wonder) what they (wait) for.

11 / 17

This message has just arrived and the man (wait) in case you (want) to send a reply.

12 / 17

(it save) time if you (take) the path through the wood?

No, it (not matter) which path you take.

13 / 17

This book is about a man who (desert) his family and (go) to live on a Pacific island.

14 / 17

I (wish) that dog would lie down. He (keep) jumping up on my lap.

I (think) he (want) to go for a walk.

15 / 17

He (never listen) to what you say. He (always think) about something else.

16 / 17

(you need) another blanket or (you feel) warm enough?

17 / 17

Stop! (you not see) the notice?

I (see) it but I can’t read it because I (not wear) my glasses. What (it say)?

It (say) 'These premises are patrolled by guard dogs’

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5️⃣ Think i have — stan vs czynność

Czasowniki think i have doskonale pokazują, jak zmiana znaczenia może wpłynąć na wybór czasu gramatycznego. W swoich podstawowych użyciach opisują one stany, a nie działania, dlatego pojawiają się wyłącznie w czasie Present Simple:

Think — uważać, sądzić Present Simple

  • I think this idea is great.
  • She thinks it’s too expensive.

Have — posiadać — Present Simple

  • They have a big house.
  • I have two brothers.
  • She has a new phone.

Natomiast gdy czasowniki te użyjemy w znaczeniu „myśleć” (proces rozważania) lub „doświadczać / wykonywać czynność”, stają się czasownikami dynamicznymi, co pozwala stosować je w czasie Present Continuous:

Think — myśleć, rozważać Present Continuous

  • I’m thinking about changing my job.
  • He’s thinking over your proposal.

Have — doświadczać / wykonywać Present Continuous

  • I’m having lunch.
  • We’re having a great time!
  • She’s having a shower.

Porównania:

  • I’m having breakfast.I always have breakfast before work.
  • We’re having a great time.We always have a great time when you visit us.
  • I’m thinking about changing my job.My son never thinks about his future.

B1 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (5)

Uzupełnij luki czasownikami w nawiasach stosując formy czasu Present Continuous lub Present Simple.

1 / 17

What (you wait) for?

I (wait) for the shop to open.

But it (not open) until 9.00.

I (know) but I (want) to be early, as their sale (start) today.

2 / 17

(you mind) if I (ask) you a question?

That (depend) on the question.

It (concern) your brother.

I (refuse) to answer any questions about my brother.

3 / 17

Tom (never do) any work in the garden; he (always work) on his car.

4 / 17

What (the word catastrophe mean)?

It (mean) 'disaster’.

5 / 17

How (you end) a letter that (begin), 'Dear Sir’?

I always (put) 'Yours truly’, but Tom (prefer) 'Yours faithfully’.

6 / 17

Why (you smoke) a cigar, Mrs Pitt? You (not smoke) cigars as a rule.

I (smoke) it because I (want) the ash. This book (say) that cigar ash mixed with oil (remove) heat stains from wood.

7 / 17

This story is about a boy who (make) friends with a snake which he (find) in his garden. Then he (go) away but he (not forget) the snake and some years later he (return) and (look) for it.

8 / 17

He (find) the snake who (recognize) its old friend and (coil) around him affectionately. But, unfortunately, the snake by now is a full-grown boa-constrictor and its embrace (kill) the poor boy.

9 / 17

(the snake feel) sorry about all this?

I (not know). The story (end) there.

10 / 17

How (Peter get) on at school?

Very well. He (seem) to like the life

11 / 17

This is our itinerary. We (leave) home on the 8th, (arrive) in Paris on the 9th, (spend) the day in Paris, and (set) out that night for Venice.

That (sound) most interesting. You must tell me all about it when you (get) back.

12 / 17

What (he do) to his car now?

I (think) he (polish) it.

13 / 17

The plane that you (look) at now (just take) off for Paris.

14 / 17

That film (come) to the local cinema next week. (you want) to see it?

15 / 17

I (think) it’s a pity you don’t take more exercise. You (get) fat.

16 / 17

Who (own) this umbrella?

I (not know). Everyone (use) it but nobody (know) who (own) it.

17 / 17

Why (Mrs Pitt look) so angry?

Mr Pitt (smoke) a cigarette and (drop) the ash on the carpet.

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6️⃣ Present Simple vs Present Continuous z przysłówkiem always

Present Simple + always oznacza regularność, zasadę, rutynę

Czas Present Simple w parze z przysłówkiem always najczęściej znajdzie zastosowanie dla czynności rutynowych, powtarzalnych, sytuacji nie mających dodatkowego nacechowania emocjonalnego. W takich kontekstach always będziemy odczytywać jako zawsze czy za każdym razem.

Przykłady:

  • I always drink coffee in the morning.
  • She always arrives on time.
  • He always checks his emails before work.

Present Continuous + always — subiektywna ocena, często połączona z irytacją

W Present Continuous always wskazuje na nadmierną częstotliwość, często postrzeganą jako problematyczną lub irytującą.

Przykłady:

  • He’s always complaining about something.
  • She’s always interrupting me.
  • You’re always losing your keys.

➡ W tym użyciu Present Continuous nie opisuje faktu, lecz reakcję mówiącego.

B1 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (6)

Uzupełnij luki właściwą formą podanego w nawiasie czasownika w Present Coninuous lub Present Simple

1 / 14

Sheila sees Rick putting on his coat and says: Where (go), Rick?

Rick: I (go) to buy some cigarettes. (you want) an evening paper?

2 / 14

Sheila: No, thanks. You (always buy) cigarettes, Rick. How many (you smoke) a day.

Rick: I (not smoke) very many – perhaps 5 or 8. Jack (smoke) far more than I (do). He (spend) $80 a week on cigarettes.

3 / 14

Chloe (see) Sebastian standing at the bus stop.

Chloe: Hello, Sebastian. What bus (you wait) for?

Sebastian: Hello, Chloe. I (wait) for a 501 or a 514.

4 / 14

Chloe: You usually (go) to work by car, don’t you?

Sebastian: Yes, but the car (belong) to my mother and she sometimes (want) it. She (use) it today to take Tom to the dentist.

5 / 14

Chloe: I usually (go) by car too. Jack (take) me because he (pass) my office on his way to the factory. But this week he (work) in a factory in an opposite direction. So I (queue) like you.

6 / 14

Sebastian: Here’s a 9 now. (you come) on it or (waiting) for a 14?

Chloe: I (think) I’ll take the 9. If I (wait) for a 14 I may be late, and if you (be late) at my office everyone (look) at you.

7 / 14

Chloe and Jill (wait) outside a telephone box. Inside the box a boy (dial) a number.

Chloe: (you know) that boy?

Jill: Yes, he’s a friend of my brother’s. He (phone) his girlfriend every day from this box.

8 / 14

Chloe: Where (he come) from?

Jill: He (come) from Japan. He’s a very clever boy; he (speak) four languages.

9 / 14

Chloe: I (wonder) what he (speak) now.

Jill: Well, his girlfriend (come) from Japan too; so I (suppose) he (speak) Japanese.

10 / 14

It’s 8.00. Will and Lana (have) breakfast. They (both open) their letters.

Will: No one ever (write) to me. All I get is bills! (you have) anything interesting?

11 / 14

Lana: I’ve got a letter from Hugh. He (say) he (come) to London next week and (want) us to meet him for lunch.

12 / 14

Neil: (you have) traffic wardens in your country?

Jose: No, I (not think) so. You (not see) them in my town anyway. What exactly (a traffic warden do)?

13 / 14

Neil: He (walk) up and down the street and if a car (stay) too long at a parking place or (park) in a no-parking area he (stick) a parking ticket to the windscreen.

14 / 14

Look! He (put) a ticket on Tom’s car. Tom will be furious when he (see) it. He (hate) getting parking tickets.

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1️⃣ Czasowniki, które zwykle nie występują w Present Continuous — ale mogą, gdy pojawią się w innym znaczeniu – Czasowniki zmysłów

Niektóre czasowniki są zazwyczaj traktowane jako statyczne, dlatego standardowo używa się ich w Present Simple. Jednak w określonych kontekstach mogą nabrać znaczenia dynamicznego, co otwiera drogę do użycia Present Continuous. Jedną z takich grup stanowią czasowniki opisujące zmysły.

Czasowniki zmysłów Present Simple

Jeśli ze zmysłów korzystamy w sposób pasywny, bez świadomego wysiłku, lub gdy chcemy opisać charakter zjawiska, jaki za ich pomocą odczuwamy, wówczas najlepiej będzie użyć jeden z poniższych czasowników w czasie Present Simple.

  • see — widzieć -> I see a plane in the sky.
  • hear — słyszeć -> I hear music from the next room.
  • feel — być (jakimś) w dotyku -> This fabric feels soft.
  • smell — mieć (jakiś) zapach -> The soup smells good.
  • taste — mieć (jakiś) smak -> The cake tastes sweet.

Czasowniki zmysłów Present Continuous

W czasie Present Continuous czasowniki zmysłów mogą pojawić się tylko wtedy, gdy opisują świadome, intencjonalne działanie, a nie pasywne odczuwanie. Dotyczy to w szczególności czasowników see and hear, które praktyce niejednokrotnie zastępujemy innymi czasownikami wyraźnie wskazującymi na aktywność.

Najczęściej używane czasowniki dynamiczne:

  • look (at) — patrzeć
  • watch — oglądać
  • listen (to) — słuchać
  • observe — obserwować

Przykłady:

  • I’m looking at the photo.
  • She’s watching a movie.
  • They’re listening to the teacher.
  • The scientist is observing the reaction.

Pozostałe czasowniki zmysłów możemy stosować w obu czasach, w zależności od tego, czy chcemy wyrazić pasywny charakter obserwowanego zjawiska (Present Simple) lub jego aktywne postrzeganie (Present Continuous).

Przykłady:

  • The soup tastes good. (stan w jakim znajduje się zupa)
  • She’s tasting the soup. (czynność, czyli próbowanie jaki smak ma zupa)
  • It smells strange in here. (opis zapachu danego miejsca)
  • He’s smelling the flowers. (czynność sprawdzania zapachu kwiatów)
  • The jacket feels soft. (jaka jest marynarka w dotyku)
  • I’m feeling the fabric to check its quality. (sprawdzanie tekstury materiału za pomocą dotyku)

B2 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (2)

Wstaw podane czasowniki w odpowiedniej formie czasu Present Simple lub Present Continuous

1 / 10

Wilkin and Co. (have) a sale at the moment. Shall we look in on our way home?

I’d love to but I’m afraid I won’t have time. I (meet) Tom at 5.30.

(you go) out with Tom often?

2 / 10

I usually (go) by train, but this weekend I (go) by bus. It (take) longer but it (cost) less.

3 / 10

Kelly (on telephone): (you do) anything at the moment, Lena?

Lena: Yes. I (pack); I (catch) a plane to New York in three hours’ time.

Kelly: Lucky girl! How long (you stay) in New York?

4 / 10

Derek: (go) out tonight, Chris?

Chris: No, I (stay) at home. The neighbours (come) in to dinner.

Derek: (you invite) the neighbours often?

Chris: No, but they (invite) themselves whenever we order a pizza.

 

5 / 10

Rory: I (just go) out to get an evening paper.

Beth: But it (pour)! Why (not wait) till the rain (stop)?

6 / 10

Keira: Dave (get) up very early but he (wash) and (shave) and (get) his breakfast so quietly that I (not hear) a thing. But I (hear) him driving away from the house because his car (make) so much noise.

7 / 10

Linda: My brother (get) up very early too. But he (make) such a lot of noise that he (wake) everybody up. He (sing) in the bath and (bang) doors and (drop) things in the kitchen and (play) the radio very loudly.

8 / 10

Linda: Why (you not ask) him to be a bit quieter?

Keira: I (mention) it every night but it (not do) any good. He (say) that he (not make) a sound, and I (think) he really (believe) it.

9 / 10

Liam: (you see) that man at the corner? He (keep) stopping people and asking them questions. (you think) he (ask) for directions?

Kevin: No, I (expect) he (make) a survey.

Liam: How (you make) a survey?

Kevin: You (stop) people and (ask) them questions and (write) the answers on a report sheet.

10 / 10

In most countries a child (start) school at six and (stay) for about five years in a primary school. Then he (move) to a secondary school. At 17 or 18 he (take) an exam; if he (do) well in the exams he can go on to a university if he (wish).

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Feel – czyli to jak się czujemy

Czasownik feel odnosi się nie tylko do zmysłu dotyku, ale bardzo często oznacza odczuwanie stanu fizycznego lub psychicznego. W takim znaczeniu występuje zwykle z przymiotnikami lub imiesłowami biernymi (happy, tired, worried, pleased, frustrated).

✔ Present Simple — stan ogólny lub trwały

Używamy go, gdy opisujemy normalny, typowy stan.

Przykłady:

  • I feel tired after work.
  • She feels happy in her new job.
  • He feels nervous before exams.

✔ Present Continuous — stan chwilowy lub zmieniający się

Stosujemy, gdy podkreślamy, że dany stan jest tymczasowy lub szczególnie odczuwany teraz.

Przykłady:

  • I’m feeling much better today.
  • She’s feeling stressed this week.
  • He’s feeling disappointed after the meeting.

➡ Obie formy są poprawne — różnica dotyczy perspektywy czasowej.

See – czyli nie tylko „widzieć”

Poza podstawowym znaczeniem, jakim jest „widzieć”, czasownik see ma wiele innych zastosowań, w których może być traktowany jako czasownik dynamiczny.

See – spotykać się z kimś, odwiedzać kogoś

W tym znaczeniu see jest czasownikiem opisującym działanie, dlatego może występować zarówno w Present Simple, jak i Present Continuous.

Przykłady:

  • I see my dentist twice a year. (rutyna)
  • I’m seeing my dentist tomorrow. (umówiona wizyta)
  • She sees her parents every weekend.
  • She’s seeing her parents this evening.

See w czasownikach frazowych

W wielu wyrażeniach frazowych see traci znaczenie zmysłowe i staje się czasownikiem złożonym opisującym czynność.

  • see to sth — zająć się czymś
  • see sb off — pożegnać kogoś, odwieźć/odprowadzić kogoś np. na dworzec
  • see sb out — odprowadzić kogoś do wyjścia
  • see sb to the door — odprowadzić kogoś do drzwi

Przykłady:

  • I’ll see to the arrangements.
  • She’s seeing the guests off at the airport.
  • He sees clients out after meetings.
  • They’re seeing him to the door.

B2 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (3)

Zastosuj czasowniki podane w nawiasie w odpowiedniej formie czasu Present Simple lub Present Continuous

1 / 13

I (see) my solicitor tomorrow (I have arranged this); I (change) my will.

You (always change) your will. Why (you not leave) it alone?

2 / 13

These apples (cost) 2$ a bag. (you think) that’s expensive?

It (depend) on the size of the bag.

3 / 13

Mrs Jennings: My daughter (never write) to me so I (never know) what she (do). (your son write) to you, Mrs Fardell?

Mrs Fardell: Yes, I (hear) from him every week. He (seem) to like writing letters.

4 / 13

You (look) very thoughtful. What (you think) about?

I (think) about my retirement.

But you’re only 25. You (only just start) your career.

I (know); but I (read) an article which (say) that a sesnsible man (start) thinking about retirement at the age of 25.

 

 

5 / 13

My next door neighbour (always knock) on my door and (ask) me to lend her a couple of 1$ coins.

What (she do) with them?

She (put) them in the gas meter. I really (not mind) lending her a few 1$ coins but what (annoy) me is that she (know) how many she (need) each week but never (take) the trouble to bring the right number home.

6 / 13

What (she do) if she (run) out of them when you’re away?

Oh, she (borrow) from the other neighbour, Mr White; but this (take) longer because he always (want) her to stay and chat and she (find) it quite hard to get away from him.

7 / 13

How much (she owe) you now?

I (not know); I (not keep) an account. Anyway she (leave) next week; she (get) married. I (try) to think of a suitable wedding present.

8 / 13

Why (you not offer) to cancel her debt?

That (sound) rather a mean sort of present. Anyway she probably (not realize) that she (owe) me money.

9 / 13

My brother (say) that people who (owe) him money always (seem) to forget about it, but people he (owe) money to always (remember) exactly.

10 / 13

(not think) your brother (enjoy) the party. He (keep) looking at his watch.

Oh, I’m sure he (enjoy) it. He (always enjoy) your parties. But I (know) he (want) to be home early tonight because he (expect) an important telephone call.

11 / 13

Dale: How much longer (you stay) in England?

Clive: Only one more day. I (leave) tomorrow night. I (go) to France for two weeks.

12 / 13

Dale: And (you come) back to England after that or (you go) home?

Clive: It (depend) on my father. But if he (agree) to let me go on studying here, I’ll certainly come back. And I (expect) he will agree.

13 / 13

Clive: By the way, Dale, Jess (see) me off at Victoria tomorrow. Why (you not come) too? You could have coffee with her afterwards.

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Hear to nie tylko bierne odbieranie dźwięku

Jeśli czasownik hear stosujemy aby opisać prostą czynność biernego odbierania dźwięku, jest on czasownikiem statycznym i stosujemy do niego czas Present Simple.

Przykłady:

  • I hear music from outside.
  • Can you hear that noise?

Oczywiście zasady to jedno, a w praktyce możemy usłyszeć hear w znaczeniu biernego odbierania dźwięku, ale w czasie Present Continuous. Może to mieć miejsce gdy chcemy np. podkreślić, że słyszymy coś nietypowego w danym kontekście, gdy mówimy o omamach słuchowych, lub gdy chcemy po prostu powiedzieć, że w końcu zrozumieliśmy czyjeś wywody lub wyjaśnienia.

Przykłady:

  • I’m hearing some strange noises in the attic, can you go upstairs and check it.
  • It sounds like my dead grandpa is speaking to me – I think I’m hearing things.
  • OK, I’m hearing you now – this screw must be left loose.

Hear jako formalne wysłuchanie zeznań, oświadczeń (np. w sądzie)

W języku formalnym hear może oznaczać rozpatrywanie sprawy lub wysłuchiwanie zeznań. W tym znaczeniu jest to czynność, dlatego możliwe jest użycie Present Continuous.

Przykłady:

  • The court is hearing the case today.
  • The judge is hearing witness statements.

Hear w znaczeniu otrzymać wiadomość / informację

W tym znaczeniu hear odnosi się do procesu otrzymywania informacji, dlatego częściej pojawia się w czasach ciągłych innych niż Present Continuous.

Przykłady:

You’ll be hearing from us soon.

I’ve been hearing a lot about the new policy.

We’ve been hearing rumours about the merger.

B2 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (4)

Zastosuj czasowniki podane w nawiasie w odpowiedniej formie czasu Present Simple lub Present Continuous

1 / 12

(you see) that man at the corner of the street? He is a private detective. He (watch) No. 24.

How (you know) he (watch) No. 24?

Because whenever anyone (come) out of, or (go) into, the house he (make) a note in his little book.

2 / 12

What (all those people do) in the middle of the street? And why (they wear) such extraordinary clothes?

They (make) a film. Most of the crowd are local people who (work) as extras.

3 / 12

It (sound) great fun. (you think) I could get a job as a film extra?

I (not know) but I (see) Nancy over there; when they (finish) this scene I’ll ask her if they (still take) on extras.

4 / 12

(Nancy act) in this film?

She has a small part. She (not act)  very well. I (imagine) she got the part because she (know) the director.

5 / 12

My brother (live) next door and his two children (come) and (see) me every day. The boy (not bother) to knock at the door; he just (climb) in through the window; but the girl always (knock).

6 / 12

Jared: We (move) into our new house tomorrow.

Steve: But why (you leave) your present house? It (suit) you all.

Jared: Yes, I (know) it (do); but the Council (pull) down all the houses on this side. They (widen) the road. They (say) it’s a bottleneck.

 

7 / 12

If you (ask) a friend if she (like) your new dress she usually (say) 'Yes’; so you (not know) whether she really (think) it (suit) you or weather she (merely be) polite.

8 / 12

If you (want) a candid opinion you’d better ask my sister. She never (tell) white lies; she always (say) exactly what she (think).

9 / 12

(Your sister’s frankness annoy) people?

Yes, it (do). The average person (not want) a truthful answer; they (want) you to say something agreeable.

10 / 12

I (hear) that you’ve bought a new house.

Yes, but I (not live) in it yet. They (still work) on it, and the work (take) longer than I expected.

11 / 12

I (think) repair jobs (always take) longer than one (expect). What (they do) now?

They (put) in new electric points. They (seem) competent electricians but they (smoke) at their work and this (slow) them down.

12 / 12

They (always hammer) next door.

Yes, that house (keep) changing hands and the new owner (always begin) by putting in a new fireplace, and their fireplace is just on the other side of this wall so we (hear) everything. The wall (shake) too.

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2️⃣ Czasownik 'Be’ cecha stała a chwilowe bądź nietypowe zachowanie

Czasownik be jest zazwyczaj traktowany jako czasownik statyczny i najczęściej występuje w czasie Present Simple. Jednak w określonych sytuacjach może pojawić się również w Present Continuous, gdy nie opisuje stałej cechy, lecz tymczasowe zachowanie.

Present Simple — stała cecha, fakt, opis osoby

W Present Simple be służy do opisywania trwałych cech charakteru, wyglądu lub ogólnych faktów na temat osoby.

Przykłady:

  • You are silly. — Jesteś niemądry / głupi (cecha).
  • She is very patient. — Ona jest bardzo cierpliwa.
  • He is polite and respectful. — On jest uprzejmy i kulturalny.
  • They are usually quiet. — Oni zazwyczaj nic nie mówią.

➡ W tym użyciu mówimy o tym, jaki ktoś jest, a nie jak się zachowuje w danej chwili.

Present Continuous — tymczasowe zachowanie, sposób zachowania „teraz”

W Present Continuous be zmienia swoje znaczenie i opisuje konkretne, chwilowe zachowanie, często oceniane lub komentowane przez mówiącego.

Przykłady:

  • You’re being silly. — Zachowujesz się niemądrze (zazwyczaj jesteś bardziej poważny).
  • She’s being very patient today. — Dziś zachowuje się wyjątkowo cierpliwie.
  • He’s being rude. — Zachowuje się niegrzecznie. (to nietypowe jak na niego)
  • They’re being unusually quiet. — Zachowują się nietypowo cicho.

➡ W tym przypadku nie mówimy o stałej cesze, lecz o sposobie zachowania w danym momencie.

B2 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (5)

Zastosuj czasowniki podane w nawiasie w odpowiedniej formie czasu Present Simple lub Present Continuous

1 / 11

Mrs Elsher: What (you look) for, Clive?

Mr Elsher: I (look) for the garage key. I (always look) for the garage key, because nobody ever (put) it back on the hook.

Mrs Elsher: I always (put) it back on the hook. Why (you not try) your pockets?

 

2 / 11

Tara (stir) something in a saucepan and Mary (stand) beside her holding a cookery book.

Holly: It (say) 'simmer’, and you (boil) it, Tara.

Tara: I (not think) it (matter) if you (cook) it quickly; but I (not know) why it (not get) thick. It (usually thicken) at once.

 

3 / 11

The hall (be) painted at the moment, so it (not look) its best.

But where are the painters? (they stop) work at 3.00?

No, they are in the kitchen. They (have) a tea break.

4 / 11

What (the word Establishment mean)? My dictionary (not give) an explanation.

It roughly (mean) the government and people who (have) power and authority.

5 / 11

If we (say) that Mr Brown (belong) to the Establishment we also (imply) that he (accept) the existing system. He (not try) to overthrow it.

6 / 11

(All rich men belong) to the Establishment?

Middle-aged rich men probably (do) but rich young men like pop singers (always jeer) at the Establishment. The word (be used) in a pejorative sense.

7 / 11

The house opposite the college (be pulled) down. That’s why we (use) the back entrance at present. If you (go) out by the front door you (get) covered with dust.

8 / 11

Kyle: I (smell) something burning!

Matt: So (do) I. I (think) it (come) from the kitchen. Tracy (probably iron). She usually (iron) and (watch) TV at the same time and if she (get) very interested in a programme she (forget) that she (press) a hot iron on to somebody’s shirt. Mother (think) of selling the TV set.

9 / 11

Imagine that you (travel) by train, in a crowded compartment. One of the passengers (read) a newspaper; another (do) a crossword puzzle; another (look) out of the window. Suddenly the train (stop) with a jerk and your suitcase (fall) off the rack on somebody’s toes.

10 / 11

This is a story about an invalid who (spend) most of the day in bed. He has a powerful telescope and he (amuse) himself by watching the activities of people in the opposite houses. One day when he (watch) No. 24 he (see) a murder being committed.

11 / 11

The cashier used to do the accounts and I used to check his figures; now the computer (do) it all.

And who (check) the computer?

No one. The computer (not need) a second opinion.

And what (happen) if the computer (make) a mistake?

The computer never (make) a mistake.

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3️⃣ Czasowniki uczuć i emocji — wyjątki od reguły

Czasowniki opisujące uczucia, emocje i postawy są zazwyczaj traktowane jako czasowniki statyczne, dlatego najczęściej występują w czasie Present Simple. Opisują one trwałe odczucia, preferencje lub nastawienie, a nie czynności.

Typowe czasowniki z tej grupy:

adore, admire, appreciate, value, care for, desire, detest, dislike, fear, love, loathe, want, wish, respect

Present Simple — znaczenie statyczne (stan emocjonalny)

W tym użyciu czasowniki te opisują to, co czujemy lub myślimy w sposób ogólny, bez odniesienia do konkretnego momentu.

Przykłady:

  • I love classical music.
  • She admires her teacher.
  • They respect his opinion.
  • I don’t like crowded places.
  • He wants a new job.

➡ W tych znaczeniach Present Continuous nie jest naturalny.

B2 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (6)

Zastosuj czasowniki podane w nawiasie w odpowiedniej formie czasu Present Simple lub Present Continuous

1 / 16

I work in a large office with about thirty other people, most of whom I (know) quite well.

2 / 16

We (spend) most of the day together, so we have all become friends.

3 / 16

In fact, most of my colleagues are so interesting that I (think) of writing a book about them.

4 / 16

(take) Dee Curlington for example.

5 / 16

Dee (run) the accounts department.

6 / 16

At the moment she (go) out with Glen Campbell, one of the sales representatives, and they (seem) very happy together.

7 / 16

But everyone (except Dee apparently) (know) that Glen (always make) eyes at Alyssa Etheridge.

8 / 16

But I (happen) to know that Alyssa (dislike) Glen.

9 / 16

’I can’t stand people who (apologise) all the time!’ she told me.

10 / 16

And besides, I know he (deceive) poor Dee.

11 / 16

He (see) Hazel Davies from the overseas department.

12 / 16

And plenty of other interesting things (go on).

13 / 16

For instance, every week money (disappear) from the cash box.

14 / 16

When you (realise) that someone in your office is a thief, it (upset) you at first.

15 / 16

But I (also try) to catch whoever it is before the police are called in.

16 / 16

I’m not going to tell you who I (suspect). Well, not yet anyway!

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Zmiana znaczenia → możliwość użycia Present Continuous

Niektóre z tych czasowników mogą jednak zmienić swoje znaczenie i zacząć opisywać działanie, proces lub doświadczenie w danej chwili. Wówczas Present Continuous staje się poprawny.

Admire: podziwiać vs przyglądać się z podziwem

  • I admire her courage. (opinia, stan)
  • I’m admiring the view. (aktywnie się przyglądam)

Appreciate: doceniać vs zyskiwać na wartości

  • I appreciate your help. (postawa)
  • The property is appreciating rapidly. (proces, zmiana)

Care for: lubić / chcieć vs opiekować się

  • I don’t care for spicy food. (preferencja)
  • She’s caring for her elderly mother. (działanie)

B2 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (7)

Zdecyduj, czy do zaznaczonego czasownika użyto poprawnego czasu (Present Simple vs Present Continuous)

1 / 17

What’s that you’re eating?

2 / 17

Are you hearing from Wendy these days?

3 / 17

I have a feeling that something goes wrong.

4 / 17

I think you’re being mean about this.

5 / 17

Henry’s always getting in people’s way.

6 / 17

The price of the holiday is including the cost of incursions,

7 / 17

These potatoes are tasting a bit funny.

8 / 17

What I’m meaning to say is that you can’t pass the exam without studying the entire book.

9 / 17

How are you feeling today?

10 / 17

Excuse me, but do you wait for someone?

11 / 17

What do you think about at the moment?

12 / 17

Neil just looks like his father.

13 / 17

I look forward to hearing from you.

14 / 17

What are you thinking of Wendy’s new painting?

15 / 17

I’m depending on you so don’t make any mistakes!

16 / 17

The sun rises at 4.30 tomorrow morning.

17 / 17

I’m enjoying working here.

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Mind: mieć coś przeciwko vs przejmować się / zajmować się czymś

  • I don’t mind the noise. (stan)
  • He’s minding the children while she’s at work. (czynność)

Value: cenić vs określać wartość

  • We value honesty in this company. (postawa)
  • They’re valuing the house before selling it. (proces)

Enjoy / Like / Love: lubić vs doświadczać z przyjemnością

  • I enjoy jazz music. (preferencja)
  • I’m enjoying the concert. (aktualne doświadczenie)
  • She likes her job.
  • She’s liking the new project so far.
  • I love travelling.
  • I’m loving every minute of this trip.

Hate: nie znosić vs intensywnie nie lubić czegoś teraz

  • I hate waking up early. (ogólna postawa)
  • I’m hating this weather today. (silna, chwilowa reakcja)

B2 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (8)

Zastosuj odpowiednią formę czasu Present Simple lub Present Continuous do czasownika podanego w nawiasie

1 / 16

Do tell me what happened. I (die) to hear it.

2 / 16

I’ll be ready in a minute. I (just brush) my hair.

3 / 16

Five plus five (make) ten.

4 / 16

Do be quiet, will you? I (try) to concentrate.

5 / 16

I won’t have another drink, thanks. I (drive).

6 / 16

Who (this car belong) to?

7 / 16

When Hamlet (meet) his father’s ghost, he (learn) the truth about his uncle Claudius.

8 / 16

John (resemble) his father more than his mother.

9 / 16

His tie (not match) his suit.

10 / 16

Let’s sit down for a while. My feet (kill) me!

11 / 16

Listen! I (think) there’s someone at the door.

12 / 16

The tea won’t be long. The kettle (nearly boil).

13 / 16

I don’t exactly understand what you (mean).

14 / 16

Don’t take the newspaper away. I (still read) it.

15 / 16

I (not believe) anything he says.

16 / 16

DOCTORS (FEAR) FLU EPIDEMIC.

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4️⃣ Czasowniki aktywności umysłowej

✔ Typowe czasowniki:

agree, appreciate, assume, believe, expect, feel sure, forget, mean, know, perceive, realize, recall, recognise, recollect, remember, see, suppose, think, trust, understand

Present Simple — stan wiedzy, przekonań lub rozumienia

Używany, gdy mówimy o tym, co wiemy, sądzimy lub rozumiemy w sposób ogólny.

Przykłady:

  • I believe him.
  • She knows the answer.
  • We understand the problem.
  • I remember her name.
  • They suppose it’s true.

B2 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (9)

Zastosuj odpowiednią formę czasu Present Continuous lub Present Simple do czasowników podanych w nawiasach.

1 / 16

This wine really (taste) amazing.

2 / 16

How (you get on) in your new job?

3 / 16

Why (you not take) the medicine that the doctor perscribed?

4 / 16

How do I look in this dress? (it suit) me?

5 / 16

He (understand) English better than he speaks it.

6 / 16

What exactly (it consist) of?

7 / 16

Do you think the winner (deserve) so much applause?

8 / 16

The tank (hold) ten gallons of gas.

9 / 16

How (he know) where I live?

10 / 16

He should have arrived by now. I (begin) to think he (not come).

11 / 16

Don’t you think he (be) rather foolish by taking on such a difficult task right at the beginning.

12 / 16

Just listen to that noise! What on earth (happen) out there?

13 / 16

Peter (act) very strangely these days. What’s come over him?

14 / 16

(you see) what I see?

15 / 16

(you rather not jump) to conclusions?

16 / 16

I (go) to work by bus this week – my car (give) me trouble.

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Zmiana znaczenia → możliwość użycia Present Continuous

Niektóre z tych czasowników mogą zmienić swoje znaczenie i zacząć opisywać proces myślowy, działanie w toku lub świadome rozważanie.

Think: uważać vs rozmyślać

  • I think this is a good idea. (opinia)
  • I’m thinking about my future. (proces)

Assume: przypuszczać vs przyjmować / przejmować

  • I assume he’s right. (przekonanie)
  • She’s assuming responsibility for the project. (działanie)

Expect: spodziewać się vs oczekiwać (proces)

  • I expect good results.
  • We’re expecting guests this evening.

Appear: wydawać się vs występować

  • He appears calm. (stan)
  • The band is appearing on stage tonight. (działanie)

B2 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (1)

Zastosuj podany w nawiasie czasownik w czasie Present Simple lub Present Continuous.

1 / 12

Customer: I (want) to buy a fur coat. Have you any nice coats for about $500?

Assistant: I’m afraid we (just close), madam. It’s 4.55, and we (always close) at 5.00 sharp on Fridays as Mr Jones the manager (not want) to miss his favourite television programme.

2 / 12

It is Friday evening and the Brown family are at home. Mrs Brown (listen) to a concert on the radio; Mr Brown (read) a paper, George Brown (do) his homework and Ann Brown ( write) a letter.

3 / 12

Mr Cunnings (always read) his newspapers in the evenings. Mrs Cunnings sometimes (knit) but she (not knit) tonight.

4 / 12

Mr Higgins (often go) to the theatre but his wife (not go) very often. He (like) all sorts of plays. She (prefer) comedies.

5 / 12

Tonight they (watch) a very modern comedy. They (enjoy) it, but they (not understand) some of the jokes.

6 / 12

What (happen) in your class? (the teacher give) lectures every day?

No. He (give) one lecture a week, and on the other days he (show) films or (discuss) books with us.

7 / 12

A bus conductor (get) more exercise than a bus driver. The driver just (sit) in his cab but the conductor (stand) and (walk) about and (run) up and down the stairs.

8 / 12

Why (that man stand) in the middle of the road?

He (try) to get across. He (wait) for a gap in the traffic.

Why (he not use) the subway?

Lots of people (not bother) to use the subway. They (prefer) to risk their lives crossing here.

9 / 12

You (wear) a new coat, (not) you?

Yes, (you like) it?

The colour suits you but it (not fit) you very well. It’s much too big.

10 / 12

All the guides here (speak) at least three foreign languages, because a lot of foreign visitors (come) every summer.

11 / 12

Trevor (take) a party of Japanese tourists round now and tomorrow a Chinese party (come).

12 / 12

Englishmen very seldom (talk) on the Underground. They (prefer) to read their newspapers.

Those two men in the corner (talk).

But they (not talk) English.

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5️⃣ Czasowniki posiadania

✔ Typowe czasowniki:

own, belong, owe, possess

Present Simple — posiadanie jako stan

Opisują trwałą relację własności.

Przykłady:

  • She owns a small business.
  • This book belongs to me.
  • I owe him some money.
  • They possess valuable information.

➡ W tym znaczeniu nie używa się Present Continuous.

B2 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (10)

Uzupełnij luki czasownikiem w nawiasie stosując prawidłową formę czasu Present Continuous lub Present Simple.

1 / 17

She (own) several rental apartments in different parts of the city.

2 / 17

I (love) learning about ancient civilizations and lost cultures.

3 / 17

I (think) seriously about relocating abroad after finishing my degree.

4 / 17

She (assume)  full legal responsibility for the company’s overseas operations.

5 / 17

He (mind) his neighbour’s dog while the family is away on holiday.

6 / 17

They (value) all the artworks before the collection is moved to the museum.

7 / 17

Despite the pressure, he (appear)  completely relaxed during the interview.

8 / 17

I (believe) every word he told the police during questioning.

9 / 17

I (think) this approach will save us a great deal of time and money.

10 / 17

What you say really (matter) to everyone involved in the discussion.

11 / 17

We (expect)  around thirty international delegates at the conference later tonight.

12 / 17

I (assume) you’ve already read the final version of the report.

13 / 17

I (love)  the peaceful atmosphere in this mountain village.

14 / 17

I (not mind) waiting a little longer if the doctor is still busy.

15 / 17

We (value) transparency and mutual respect in our organisation.

16 / 17

I (hate) the freezing wind and endless rain today.

17 / 17

He (appear) in a popular streaming series for the first time in his career.

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6️⃣ Czasowniki relacji i znaczenia

✔ Typowe czasowniki:

appear, concern, consist, contain, hold, keep, matter, signify

Present Simple — opis faktów i relacji

Służą do opisywania struktury, znaczenia i zależności.

Przykłady:

  • The course consists of six modules.
  • This bottle contains water.
  • Your opinion matters.
  • The word signifies something important.

Wyjątki — zmiana znaczenia

Niektóre z tych czasowników mogą stać się dynamiczne, gdy opisują czynność, a nie stan.

  • He is appearing in a TV show this week.
  • She’s holding the baby. (działanie, nie relacja)
  • They’re keeping the documents in a safe place. (czynność)

B2 – Present Continuous vs Present Simple – Practice (11)

Uzupełnij luki czasownikiem w nawiasie stosując prawidłową formę czasu Present Continuous lub Present Simple.

1 / 17

I (admire) people who stand up for their principles in difficult situations.

2 / 17

I (see) a specialist about my knee injury next Friday morning.

3 / 17

I (feel) far more confident about the presentation than I did yesterday.

4 / 17

I (hear) footsteps in the corridor outside my office.

5 / 17

I (feel) the surface of the sculpture to detect any cracks or damage.

6 / 17

She (see) the foreign diplomats off personally at the terminal gate.

7 / 17

The company’s reputation (appreciate) steadily as a result of recent reforms.

8 / 17

I (appreciate) your patience and willingness to help during the crisis.

9 / 17

He (be) surprisingly generous with his time and resources this week.

10 / 17

It sounds as if someone is calling my name — maybe I (imagine) it.

11 / 17

They (be) unusually cooperative during today’s negotiations.

12 / 17

The blanket (feel) incredibly warm and soft against the skin.

13 / 17

I (not care) for late-night meetings after such a long working day.

14 / 17

She (care) for several rescue animals at the local shelter this month.

15 / 17

The dessert (taste) far too sweet for my liking.

16 / 17

He (smell) every candle in the shop to decide which one to buy.

17 / 17

I (admire) the intricate details of the ceiling fresco above us.

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